| Chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury epidemiology | |
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Global Burden of Disease Study: Chronic Kidney Disease epidemiology
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a widespread and increasing noncommunicable diseases with high burden, but its epidemiology is still insufficiently evaluated. CKD is a set of chronic conditions of different etiology that affects almost 10% of general adult population as shown in the high-quality screening programs performed in different world regions. CKD has a profound impact on public health due to premature mortality, renal and cardiovascular complications. Renal complications with development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) require costly therapy with dialysis or transplantation and pose substantial economic burden, with the worldwide number of such patients is estimated at more than 1.4 million, and annual growth rate of 8%. Moreover, even from the early CKD stages the rates of cardiovascular complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral artery thrombosis, heart failure) are elevated independently of other risk factors, increasing more than 100-fold in ESRD.Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) study represents the major effort of a systematic revision of health and diseases estimates at the global, regional and country levels. The initial systematic review of the kidney and urinary diseases burden in all world countries has been performed in 2007-2009. To find, collect and extract information for this systematic review from all relevant sources, the staff currently working at the Scientific-Tools.Org created a web-system to implement these goals. Methodology and results of this work are described in the article "A comparison of metrics and performance characteristics of different search strategies for article retrieval for a systematic review of the global epidemiology of kidney and urinary diseases". Inclusion of more data and advanced modelling resulted availability of global, regional and country level CKD estimates that are presented in a number of the GBD publications. One of the most detailed presentation of the CKD burden has been done in the article "Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017". kidney.epi R package
Scientific-Tools.Org staff developed the CRAN kidney.epi package. It contains universally applicable programming algorithms for the calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) and Kidney Donor Risk Index (KDRI). The package makes possible to easily perform these calculations for clinical trials and observational studies of any size. The kidney.epi package is available at the CRAN repository, and detailed description has been published as a separate article. The use of this package would save substantial time for other research groups and facilitate the analysis of already collected data.
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